Catalytic activity:Narrow endopeptidase specificity. Cleaves Pro-Leu-Ala-Gln-Ala-|-Val-Arg-Ser-Ser-Ser in the membrane-bound, 26-kDa form of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Similarly cleaves other membrane-anchored, cell-surface proteins to 'shed' the extracellular domains.,cofactor:Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit.,Domain:Must be membrane anchored to cleave the different substrates. The cytoplasmic domain is not required for the this activity. Only the catalytic domain is essential to shed TNF and p75 TNFR.,Domain:The conserved cysteine present in the cysteine-switch motif binds the catalytic zinc ion, thus inhibiting the enzyme. The dissociation of the cysteine from the zinc ion upon the activation-peptide release activates the enzyme.,Function:Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including p75 TNF-receptor, interleukin 1 receptor type II, p55 TNF-receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, L-selectin, growth hormone receptor, MUC1 and the amyloid precursor protein. Also involved in the activation of Notch pathway.,induction:In arthritis-affected cartilage.,online information:Tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme entry,PTM:Phosphorylated. Stimulation by growth factor or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces phosphorylation of Ser-819 but decreases phosphorylation of Ser-791.,PTM:The precursor is cleaved by a furin endopeptidase.,similarity:Contains 1 disintegrin domain.,similarity:Contains 1 peptidase M12B domain.,subunit:Interacts with MAD2L1 and MUC1.,tissue specificity:Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed at highest levels in adult heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testes, ovary and small intestine, and in fetal brain, lung, liver and kidney.,
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