This gene encodes a member of the insulin family of polypeptide growth factors, which are involved in development and growth. It is an imprinted gene, expressed only from the paternal allele, and epigenetic changes at this locus are associated with Wilms tumour, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Silver-Russell syndrome. A read-through INS-IGF2 gene exists, whose 5' region overlaps the INS gene and the 3' region overlaps this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010],
Function:
Disease:Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia [MIM:176730].,Function:Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.,Function:Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK3.,Function:The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity. In vitro, they are potent mitogens for cultured cells. IGF-II is influenced by placental lactogen and may play a role in fetal development.,mass spectrometry: PubMed:12586351; PubMed:15359740,online information:Clinical information on Eli Lilly insulin products,online information:Insulin entry,online information:Insulin-like growth factor 2 entry,online information:Protein of the 20th century - Issue 9 of April 2001,pharmaceutical:Available under the names Humulin or Humalog (Eli Lilly) and Novolin (Novo Nordisk). Used in the treatment of diabetes. Humalog is an insulin analog with 52-Lys-Pro-53 instead of 52-Pro-Lys-53.,similarity:Belongs to the insulin family.,subunit:Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.,
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Cellular Localization:
Cytoplasmic
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Tissue Expression:
Expressed in heart, placenta, lung, liver, muscle, kidney, tongue, limb, eye and pancreas.
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Research Areas:
>>MAPK signaling pathway ;
>>Ras signaling pathway ;
>>PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ;
>>Pathways in cancer ;
>>Proteoglycans in cancer ;
>>Hepatocellular carcinoma